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   <front>
      <journal-meta>
         <journal-id>ZYGO</journal-id>
         <journal-title-group>
            <journal-title>Zygon®</journal-title>
            <abbrev-journal-title/>
         </journal-title-group>
         <issn pub-type="print">0591-2385</issn>
         <issn pub-type="electronic">1467-9744</issn>
      </journal-meta>
      <article-meta>
         <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1467-9744.1975.tb00534.x</article-id>
         <title-group>
            <article-title>THE BIOPSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF RELIGIOUS RITUAL BEHAVIOR</article-title>
         </title-group>
         <contrib-group>
            <contrib contrib-type="author">
               <name name-style="western">
                  <surname>D'Ayuili</surname>
                  <given-names>Eugene G.</given-names>
               </name>
            </contrib>
            <contrib contrib-type="author">
               <name name-style="western">
                  <surname>Laughlin</surname>
                  <given-names>Charles</given-names>
               </name>
            </contrib>
         </contrib-group>
         <aff id="a1"/>
         <pub-date publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="1975-03-02">
            <day>02</day>
            <month>03</month>
            <year>1975</year>
         </pub-date>
         <volume>10</volume>
         <issue>1</issue>
         <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/zygo.1975.10.issue-1</issue-id>
         <fpage>32</fpage>
         <lpage>58</lpage>
         <permissions/>
         <counts/>
      </article-meta>
   </front>
   <body/>
   <back>
      <fn-group>
         <fn id="fn1">
            <p>B. Lex, “Ritual Trance States in Man: A Biological Interpretation” in The Spectrum of Ritual: A Biogenetic Structural Approach, ed. E. G. d'Aquili et al. (forthcoming); E. Bourguinon, “Dreams and Altered States of Consciousness in Anthropological Re search” in Psychological Anthropology, ed. F. L. K. Hsu, 2d ed. (Homewood, 111.: Dorsey Press, 1972).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn2">
            <p>E. R. Leach, “Ritualization in Man in Relation to Conceptual and Social Development” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, ser. B, 251 (1966): 403–8.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn3">
            <p>E. D. Chapple, Culture and Biological Man (New York: Holt, Rinehart &amp; Winston, 1970).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn4">
            <p>E. G. d'Aquili, The Biopsychological Determinants of Culture (Reading, Mass.: Addison‐Wesley Modular Publications, 1972); C. Laughlin, Jr., and E. G. d'Aquili, Biogenetic Structuralism (New York: Columbia University Press, 1974).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn5">
            <p>Lex.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn6">
            <p>Laughlin and d'Aquili.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn7">
            <p>N. Tinbergen, “The Evolution of Animal Communication: A Critical Examination of Methods” Symposia of the Zoological Society of London, 8 (1962): 1–6.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn8">
            <p>K. Lorenz, On Aggression (New York: Bantam Books, 1966); N. Tinbergen, “Some Recent Studies of the Evolution of Sexual Behavior” in SPX und Behavior, ed. F. A. Beach (New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1965); D. S. Lehrman, “Interaction between Internal and External Environments in the Regulation of the Reproductive Cycle of the Ring Dove” in ibid.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn9">
            <p>P. Jay, “The Common Langur of North India” in Primate Behavior, ed. I. devore (New York: Holt, Rinehart &amp; Winston, 1965), pp. 197–249; M. R. A. Chance and C. Jolly, Social Groups of Monkeys, Apes, and Men (New York: E. P. Dutton &amp; Co., 1970).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn10">
            <p>N. 8 above.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn11">
            <p>Lorenz, p. 74.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn12">
            <p>G. H. Manley, “The Agonistic Behaviour of the Black‐headed Gull” (Ph.D. diss., Oxford University, 1960).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn13">
            <p>M. W. Schein and E. B. Hale, “Stimuli Eliciting Sexual Behavior” in Sex and Behavior; N. Tinbergen, The Study of Instinct (London: Oxford University Press, 1951); J. S. Rosenblatt, “Effects of Experience on Sexual Behavior in Male Cats” in SPX and Behavior</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn14">
            <p>Zygon readers will find an excellent description and diagram of the limbic system by one of its primary revealers in Paul D. MacLean's “The Brain's Generation Gap: Some Human Implications<source>Zygon 
        </source>8 (1973): 113–27, esp. pp. 119–23.–ED.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn15">
            <p>Lorenz, p. 72.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn16">
            <p>V. J. Walter and W. G. Walter, “The Central Effects of Rhythmic Sensory Stimulation” Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 1 (1949): 57–85; E. Gellhorn and W. F. Kiely, “Mystical States of Consciousness: Neurophysiological and Clinical Aspects, “Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 154 (1972): 399–405, and “Autonomic Nervous System in Psychiatric Disorder” in Biological Psychiatry, ed. J. Mendels (New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1973).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn17">
            <p>See Lex.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn18">
            <p>E. Gellhorn, Principles of Autonomic‐Somatic Integration: Physiological Basis and psychological and Clinical Implications (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1967); Gellhorn and Kiely, “Autonomic Nervous System.”</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn19">
            <p>Lorenz, P. 72.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn20">
            <p>W. J. Smith, “Ritual and the Ethology of Communication” in Spectrum Of Ritual</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn21">
            <p>d'Aquili, Biopsychological Determinants of Culture</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn22">
            <p>C. Lévi‐Strauss, Structural Anthropology (New York: Anchor Books, 1963), The Savage Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963), and Mythologiques: Le cru el le Cuit (Paris: Plon, 1964).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn23">
            <p>N.Geschwind, “Disconnexion Syndromes in Animals and Man<source>Brain 
        </source>88 (1965): 237–94, 58–644.
</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn24">
            <p>A. K. Luria, Higher Cortical Functions in Man (New York: Basic Books, 1966).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn25">
            <p>A. K. Luria, Higher Cortical Functions in Man (New York: Basic Books, 1966).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn26">
            <p>N. 4 above.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn27">
            <p>C. W. E. LeGros Clar., The Antecedent., of Man (New York: Harper &amp; Row, 1963).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn28">
            <p>N. 24 above.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn29">
            <p>Biogenetic Structuralism</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn30">
            <p>H. M. Adler and V. B. O. Hammett, “The Doctor‐Patient Relationship Revisited: An Analysis of the Placebo Effect” Annals of Internal Medicine 78 (1973): 595–602, and “Crisis Conversion anti Cult Formation: An Examination of a Common Psychosocial Sequence” American Journal of Psychiatry 30 (1973): 861–72; O. J. Harvey, D. E. Hunt, and H. M. Schroder, Conceputual Systems and personality Organization (New York: John Wiley &amp; Sons, 1961).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn31">
            <p>H. Terzian and C. Cecotto, “Su un nuovo metodo per la determinazione e lo studio della dominanza emisferica” Giornale di Psichiattria di Neuropatologia 87 (1959): 889–95, and “Amytal intracarotideo per lo studio della dominanza emisferica” Rivista di Neurologia 30 (1960): 460–66; G. Rosadini and G. F. Rossi, “Richerche sugli effetti elettroencefalografici, neurologici e psychici della somninistrazione intracarotidea di amytal sodico nelluomo” Acta Neurochirurgica 9 (1961): 234–42; G. Alema and G. Rosadini, “Données cliniques e E.E.G. de I'introduction d'amytal sodium dans la circulation encéphalique, I'état de conscience” Acta Neurochirurgica 12 (1964): 241–58; O. R. Hommes and L. H. H. M. Panhuysen, “Depression and Cerebral Dominance” Psychictria, Neurologia, Neurochirurgia 74 (1971): 255L–70.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn32">
            <p>R. W. Sperry, M. S. Gazzaniga, and J. E. Bogen, “Interhemispheric Relation ships: The Neocortical Commissures: Syndromes of Hemisphere Disconnection” in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, ed. P. J. Vinken arid G. W. Bruyn (Amsterdam: North‐ Holland Publishing Go., 1969), 4:273–90; K. D. Nebes and K. W. Sperry, “Hemispheric Deconnection Syndrome with Cerebral Birth Injury in the Dominant Arm Area” Neuropsychologia 9 (1971): 247–59; M. S. Gazzaniga, 77K Bisected Bruin (New York: Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, 1970); M. S. Gazzaniga and S. A. Hillyard, “Language and Speech Capacity of the Right Hemisphere” Neuropsychologia 9 (1971): 273–80; J. E. Bogen, “The Other Side of the Brain 11: An Appositional Mind” Bulletin of the Los Angels Neurological Societies 34 (1969): 135–62; J. Levy‐Agresti and R. W. Sperry, “Differential Perceptual Capacities in Major and Minor Hemispheres” Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 61 (1958): 1151–65.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn33">
            <p>J. Levy‐Agresti, personal communication, 1973; C. Trevarthen, “Brain Bisymmetry and the Role of the Corpus Callosum in Behavior and Conscious Experience” (paper presented at the International Colloquium on Interhemispheric Relations, Czechoslovakia, June 10–13, 1969).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn34">
            <p>N. I above.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn35">
            <p>W. K. Hess, On the Relations between and Vegetative Functions (Zurich: Schabe, 1925).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn36">
            <p>Gellhorn (n. 18 above); Gellhorn and Kiely, “Mystical States of Consciousness” and “Autonomic. Nervous System” (11. 16 above); K. E. Ornstein, The Psychology of Consciousness (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman &amp; Co., 1972).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn37">
            <p>A. J. Deikman, “Experimental Meditation” in Altered States of Consciousness, ed. C. T. Tart (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday &amp; Co., Anchor Book, 1969), pp. 208–9.</p>
         </fn>
      </fn-group>
   </back>
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