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   <front>
      <journal-meta>
         <journal-id>ZYGO</journal-id>
         <journal-title-group>
            <journal-title>Zygon®</journal-title>
            <abbrev-journal-title/>
         </journal-title-group>
         <issn pub-type="print">0591-2385</issn>
         <issn pub-type="electronic">1467-9744</issn>
      </journal-meta>
      <article-meta>
         <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1467-9744.1983.tb00504.x</article-id>
         <title-group>
            <article-title>BELIEF AND DELUSION: THEIR COMMON ORIGIN BUT DIFFERENT COURSE OF DEVELOPMENT</article-title>
         </title-group>
         <contrib-group>
            <contrib contrib-type="author">
               <name name-style="western">
                  <surname>Lenz</surname>
                  <given-names>Hermann</given-names>
               </name>
            </contrib>
         </contrib-group>
         <aff id="a1"/>
         <pub-date publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="1983-06-02">
            <day>02</day>
            <month>06</month>
            <year>1983</year>
         </pub-date>
         <volume>18</volume>
         <issue>2</issue>
         <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/zygo.1983.18.issue-2</issue-id>
         <fpage>117</fpage>
         <lpage>137</lpage>
         <permissions/>
         <abstract>
            <p>Abstract.  Comparing the experiences of mystics and victims of delusion we find very similar states of conditions: an experience of abnormal significance, pseudohallucinations, the sense of mission, the suspension of time, extremes of mood, and the sudden and passive appearance. Only the subsequent course of life of those having the experiences makes it possible to distinguish between belief and delusion. The criteria are simple: we find hope and doubt only in relation to mystical experience whereas in delusion we find a paralyzed belief; human freedom increases in belief but is lost in delusion; and belief allows the interaction between the person and society while the person who is deluded has no effectiveness in society.</p>
         </abstract>
         <counts/>
      </article-meta>
   </front>
   <body/>
   <back>
      <fn-group>
         <fn id="fn2">
            <label>1</label>
            <p>. Kurt Schneider, Zur Einführung in die Religionspsychopathologie (Tübingen: Mohr, 1975).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn3">
            <label>2</label>
            <p>. See Saint Theresa of Avila's account to Father Rodrigo Alvarez in the German translation by Father Aloisius Alkofer in Leben der heiligen Theresiu vonjesu, 3rd ed., vol. 1 (Munich: Kosel, 1960), pp. 251ff.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn4">
            <label>3</label>
            <p>. Saint Ignatius of Loyola, Der Bericht des Pilgers, in the German translation by R. Schneider, 2nd ed. (Freiburg, Germany: Herder, 1963).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn5">
            <label>4</label>
            <p>. Günter Schüttler, Die Erleuchtung in Zen‐Buddhismus (Freiburg, Germany: K. Alber, 1975).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn6">
            <label>5</label>
            <p>. Johann P. Eckermann, Gesprüche mit Goethe, 11 March 1828 (Leipzig: Fran7 Deubel, 1908).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn7">
            <label>6</label>
            <p>. Otto Kankeleit, Das Unbewusste als Keimtätte des Schöpferischen (Munich: Ernst Reinhardt, 1959), pp. 18–19.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn8">
            <label>7</label>
            <p>. Alfred Kubin, Aus Meinem Leben, quoted in Wolfgang K. Muller‐Thalheim, Erotik und Dämonie im Werke Alfred Kubins (Wiesbaden: Fourier und Fertig, 1970), p. 75.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn9">
            <label>8</label>
            <p>. Hermann Lenz, Wahnsinn, Das Irrationale im Wahngeschehen (Vienna: Herder, 1976).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn10">
            <label>9</label>
            <p>.Walter Blankenburg, “Philosophie als Gegenstand der Psychiatrie” in Psychiatrie der Gegenwart, Forschung und Praxis, vol. 1, no. 1, 2nd ed. (Berlin: Springer, 1979).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn11">
            <label>10</label>
            <p>. Plotinus, über Ewigkeit und Zed, trans. W. Beierwalter (Frankfurt am Main: Klos‐termann, 1967).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn12">
            <label>11</label>
            <p>. HermannLenz, “The Element of the Irrational at the Beginning and During the Course of' Delusion,” <source>Confinia Psychiatrica 
        </source>22 (1979): 183–90.
</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn13">
            <label>12</label>
            <p>. Schüttler.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn14">
            <label>13</label>
            <p>. Gaetano Benedetti, “Ausdruckspsychopathologie psychotischen Leidens im psychotherapeutischen Geschehen,” presented at the International Kolloquium der Deutschsprachigen Gessellschaft fur Psychopathologie des Ausdrucks, Cologne, Germany 2–4 October 1980.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn15">
            <label>14</label>
            <p>. Henry Ey, Das Bewusstsein, trans. from the French by K. P. Kisker (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1967), pp. 196–199.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn16">
            <label>15</label>
            <p>. Gerd Huber, “Forschungsrichtungen und Lehrmeinungen in der Psychologie,” in Handbuch der forensischen Psychiatrie, ed. H. Goppinger and H. Witter (Berlin: Springer, 1972), 1:633–751.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn17">
            <label>16</label>
            <p>. See Bernhard Pauleikhoff, Person und Zeit (Heidelberg: Hüthig, 1979), p. 147.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn18">
            <label>17</label>
            <p>. Ludwig Binswanger, Wahn (Pfüllingen, Germany: Neske, 1965).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn19">
            <label>18</label>
            <p>. Gaetano Benedetti and Udo Rauchfleisch, Der Schizophrene in unserer Gesellschaft (Stuttgart: Thieme, 1975).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn20">
            <label>19</label>
            <p>. W.Blankenburg, “Ansätiezu einer Psychopathologie des commonsense,” <source>Confinia Psychiatrica 
        </source>12 (1969): 144–63.
</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn21">
            <label>20</label>
            <p>. Gerd Huber and Gisela Gross, Wahn (Stuttgart: Enke, 1977).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn22">
            <label>21</label>
            <p>. BinKimura, “Schizophrenie als Geschehen des Zwischen‐sein's,” <source>Nervenarzt 
        </source>46 (1975): 434–39.
</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn23">
            <label>22</label>
            <p>. See n. 2 above.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn24">
            <label>23</label>
            <p>.See n. 3 above.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn25">
            <label>24</label>
            <p>. Sidney S. Furst, Mysticism: Spiritual Quest or Psychic Disorder, Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, vol. 9, no. 97 (New York: Mental Health Materials Center, 1976).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn26">
            <label>25</label>
            <p>. Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions (New York: Crown Publishers, 1954).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn27">
            <label>26</label>
            <p>. Teilhard de Chardin, Die Zukunft des Menschen, 2nd ed. (Freiburg, Germany: Olten, 1966).</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn28">
            <label>27</label>
            <p>. Karl R. Popper, cited in John C. Eccles, The Human Mystery (Edinburgh: Springer International, 1979), p. 98.</p>
         </fn>
         <fn id="fn29">
            <label>28</label>
            <p>. Huber and Gross.</p>
         </fn>
      </fn-group>
   </back>
</article>
