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   <front>
      <journal-meta>
         <journal-id>ZYGO</journal-id>
         <journal-title-group>
            <journal-title>Zygon®</journal-title>
            <abbrev-journal-title/>
         </journal-title-group>
         <issn pub-type="print">0591-2385</issn>
         <issn pub-type="electronic">1467-9744</issn>
      </journal-meta>
      <article-meta>
         <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1467-9744.1991.tb00825.x</article-id>
         <title-group>
            <article-title>QUANTUM COSMOLOGIES AND THE “BEGINNING”</article-title>
         </title-group>
         <contrib-group>
            <contrib contrib-type="author">
               <name name-style="western">
                  <surname>Drees</surname>
                  <given-names>Willem B.</given-names>
               </name>
            </contrib>
         </contrib-group>
         <aff id="a1"/>
         <pub-date publication-format="electronic" iso-8601-date="1991-09-02">
            <day>02</day>
            <month>09</month>
            <year>1991</year>
         </pub-date>
         <volume>26</volume>
         <issue>3</issue>
         <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/zygo.1991.26.issue-3</issue-id>
         <fpage>373</fpage>
         <lpage>396</lpage>
         <permissions/>
         <abstract>
            <p>Abstract.  The cosmology proposed by Stephen Hawking has been understood as support for an atheistic stance, due mainly to its view of the nature of time in combination with the absence of explicit boundary conditions. Against such a view, this article argues that one might develop a theistic understanding of the Universe in the context of Hawking's cosmology. In addition, the quantum cosmologies of Andrej Linde and Roger Penrose are presented. The coexistence of different research programs and their implicit metaphysical views about the nature of quantum reality and time may have profound implications for philosophy and theology.</p>
         </abstract>
         <kwd-group>
            <kwd>Big Bang theory</kwd>
            <kwd>creatio ex nihilo</kwd>
            <kwd>S. W. Hawking</kwd>
            <kwd>A. D. Linde</kwd>
            <kwd>R. Penrose</kwd>
            <kwd>quantum cosmology</kwd>
         </kwd-group>
         <counts/>
      </article-meta>
   </front>
   <body/>
   <back>
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