. A. C. MacIntyre, “Hume on ‘Is’ and ‘Ought’” in Hume, a Collection of Critical Essays, ed. V. C. Chappell (New York: Doubleday & Co., Anchor Book Original, 1966), pp. 240–64; ref. to pp. 257–58.

. A. G. N. Flew, Evolutionary Ethics (London: Macmillan Co., 1967).

. Anthony Qinton, “Ethics and the Theory of Evolution,” in Biology and Personality, ed. I. T. Ramsey (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1965), pp. 107–31.

. Julian Huxley, Evolution in Action (New York: New American Libray, Inc., Mentor Books, 1957), p. vi.

. Quinton, p. 111.

. Dorothy Emmett, Rules, Roles and Relations (London: Macmillan Co., 1966), p. 41.

. Quinton, p. 113.

. Ibid., p. 123.

. Flew, p. 1.

. Sherwood Washburn, “Tools and Human Evolution,”Scientific American 203, no. 3 (September 1960).

. T. A. Goudge, The Ascent of Life (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1961), pp. 109–13.

. Marshall Sahlins, “The Origin of Society,”Scientific American 203, no. 3 (September 1960); and Marshall Sahlins, “The Social Life of Monkeys, Apes and Primitive Man,” in The Evolution of Man's Capacity for Cluture, ed. J. N. Spuhler (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1959), pp. 54–73; Leslie White, The Evolution of Culture (New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Co., 1959), esp. chap. 4, “The Transition from Anthropoid Society to Human Society.”

. Leslie White, The Science of Culture (New York: Farrar, Straus & Cudahy, 1949), esp. chap. 2, “The Symbol: The Orgin and Basis of Human Behavior,” and chap. 3, “On the Use of Tools by Primates.”

. A. L. Kroeber, “The Superorganic,”American Anthropologist 19 (April‐June 1917): 163–213.

. “Furthermore, all these basic needs may be considered simply steps along the time path to general self‐actualization, under which all basic needs can be subsumed” (Abraham H. Maslow, “Psychological Data and Value Theory,” in New Knowledge in Human Valuse, ed. Abraham H. Maslow (New York: Harper & Bros., 1959), p. 123; also see Abraham H. Maslow, Motivation and Personality (New York: Harper & Bros., 1954), esp. chap. 4, “The Instinctoid Nature of Basic Needs.”

. For an interesting comparison of Mead and Buber, see Paul E. Pfuetze, Self, Society, Existence (New York: Harper & Bros., Torchbooks, 1954), esp. chaps. 2 and 4. For our purposes, this study indicates how culture and its evolution could be related to what the existentialists call subjectivity. For Mead's concepts can serve as a connecting link between the so‐called objectve realm of biocultural evolution and the lived experience of existing in the world taht is interpreted in contemporary existentialism and phenomenology.

. A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, Papers of teh Peabody Museum of American Archeology and Ethnology, Harvard University vol. 47, no. 1 (1952): 56.

. Ibid.

. Yehudi A. Coher, ed., Man in Adaptation: The Biosocial Background (Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co., 1968), 1:3.

. Morris Freilich, “The Natural Triad in Kinship and Complex Systems,”American Sociological Review 29, no. 4 (August 1964): 529–40.

. White, The Evolution of Culture, p. 260.

. Ibid., p. 141.

. Robert Redfield, The Primitive World and Its Transformations (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1953).

. John Kenneth Galbraith, The New Industrial State (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1967).

. Abraham Edel, Ethical Judgment (Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1955), p. 336.