. In this article I will use the following signs for the sentential connectives: for “if … then …” A for “and”; V for “or”; ‐ for “not”; = for “if and only if.” Read the existential quantifier (E y) as “there is at least one y such that” and the universal quantifier (x) as “for all x” or “no matter what x we choose.”

. (E!x) is read as “there exists one and only one x such that,” and “wF(x)” is read as “the unique thing x'such that F(x) is true.”

. See Abdu'l Baha, Some Answered Questions, 7th ed. (Wilmette, Ill.: Bahai Publishing Committee, 1954), pp. 250–51, 301–2.