Notes

  1. . LynnWhite, Jr., “The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic Crisis,” Science  155 (1967): 1203–7.
  2. . Ian McHarg, “Values, Process, and Form,” in The Ecological Conscience, ed. Robert Disch (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1970), pp. 21–36 (from McHarg's The Fitness of Man's Environment [1968]).
  3. . Aldo Leopold, “The Land Ethic,” in The Subversive Science, ed. Paul Shephard and Daniel McKinley (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1969), pp. 402–15 (from Leopold's/f Sand County Almanac[New York: Oxford University Press, 1949]).
  4. . Allan Shields, “Wilderness, Its Meaning and Value,” Southern Journal of Philosophy 11 (1973): 240–53; also, Thomas Merton, “The Wild Places,” Center Magazine (July 1968), pp. 40–44; reprinted in Disch.
  5. . JohnPassmore, “The Treatment of Animals,” Journal of the History of Ideas  36 (1975): 195–218.
  6. . Frederick Elder, Crisis in Edeny (Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1970).
  7. . Gabriel Fackrey, “Ecology and Theology,” in Western Man and Environmental Ethicsy, ed. Ian Barboury (Reading, Mass.: Addison‐Wesley Publishing Co., 1973), pp. 116–31.
  8. . DavidEngely, “Elements in a Theology of Environment,” Zygon  5 (1970): 216–28.
  9. . Ludwig Wittgensteiny, Philosophical Investigations, trans. G. E. M. Anscombe, 3d ed. (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1958, pp. 11–12, 48, 126–27.
  10. . Ludwig Wittgensteiny, Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology, and Religious Beliefy, ed. Cyril Barretty (Berkeley: University of California Press,1966), esp. pp. 53–54, 69–71.
  11. . KaiNielseny, “Wittgensteinian Fideism,” Philosophyy  42 (1967): 191–209.
  12. . Antony Flewy, New Essays in Philosophical Theologyy (London: S.C.M. Press, 1955, pp. 96–99.
  13. . Thomas Kuhny, The Structur of Scientific Revolutionsy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962); Frederick Ferré, “Mapping the Logic of Models in Science and Theology,” in New Essays on Religious Languagey, ed. Dallas Highy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1969), pp. 54–96. See also Ian T. Ramsey, ed.y, yProspect for Metaphysics (New York: Greenwood Press, y1961), pp. 153–77.
  14. . Don E.Mariettay, “Is Talk of God Talk of AnythingInternational Journal for Philosophy of Religion  4 (1973): 187–95.
  15. . “Conceptual environment” is used by S. Dillon Ripley and Helmut K. Buechnery in “Ecosystem Science as a Point of Synthesis,” Daedalus (Fall y1967), p. 1196.
  16. . Ti‐Fu‐Tuany, “On Treatment of the Environment in Ideal and Actuality,” American Scientist  58 (1970): 222–49.
  17. . Lewis W.Moncriefy, “The Cultural Roots of Our Environmental Crisis,” Science  170 (1970): 508–12;reprinted in Barbour (n. 7 above); Richard T. Wright, “Responsibility for the Ecological Crises,” BioScience 20, no. 13 (1970): 851–53; Barbour (n. 7 above) cites four historical roots of the crisis: attitudes “influenced by religion and cultural assumptions,” economic institutions, technological development, and growth in population and living standards.
  18. . ThomasMcGinny, “Ecology and Ethics,” International Philosophical Quarterly  14 (1974): 151; see also Passmore (n. 5 above), esp. pp. 200–204.
  19. . Howard M. Bahr, Lois Franz Bartel, and Bruce A. Chadwicky, “Orthodoxy, Activism, and the Salience of Religion,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 10 (Summer 1971): 69–75; see also David R. Gibbs, Samuel A. Mueller, and James R. Woody, “Doctrinal Orthodoxy, Salience, and the Consequential Dimension,” ibid. 12 (March 1973): 32–52; Tuan and Wright (nn. 16 and 17 above) do not consider the various degrees of salience when they argue that religious values do not affect conduct.
  20. . Ripley and Buechner (n. 15 above).
  21. . E.g., Elise Boulding identifies and evaluates four models in respect to their combining transcendence and immanence in “Religion, Futurism, and Models of Social Change,” Humanist 33 (November‐December 1973): 35–39.
  22. . John C.Godbeyy, “Further Remarks on the Need for a Scientific Theology,” Zygon  5 (1970): 196–97.
  23. . See n. 19 above.
  24. . Ralph Wendell Burhoey, “The Human Prospect and the ‘Lord of History,’” Zygon 10 (1975), esp. pp. 307–18, gives an extended explanation of the need for religious beliefs as a basis for altruism. See also McGinn, pp. 158 ff.; Leopold (n. 3 above), pp. 406–8.
  25. . J. Frank Cassely, “The Christian's Role in the Problems of Contemporary Human Ecology” and “Ecology, God and Me,” in yEnvironmental Ethics, ed. Donald R. Scobyy (Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Co., 1971), pp. 154–66, 225–27.
  26. . Hanz Schwarzy, “The Eschatological Dimension of Ecology,” yZygon 9 (y1974): 323–38; Carl E. Braaten, “Caring for the Future: Where Ethics and Ecology Meet,” ibid., pp. 311–22.
  27. . See n. 6 above.
  28. . Joseph Sittlery, “Ecological Commitment as Theological Responsibility,” Zygon 5 (1970): 172–81; Engel (n. 8 above), esp. pp. 223–27; and Daniel F. Martensen, “Concerning the Ecological Matrix of Theology,” ibid., pp. 353–69.
  29. . René Dubosy, yA God Within (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972), esp. chap. 2 (reprinted in Barbour [n. 7 above]).
  30. . RobertMellerty, “Models and Metanoia,” Proceedings of the Catholic Philosophical Association  47 (1973): 142–52; JohnBennet, “Nature–God's Body: A Whiteheadian Perspective,” Philosophy Today  18 (1974): 248–54; and John RuskinClark, “The Great Living System: The World as the Body of God,” Zygon  9 (1974): 57–93.
  31. . Wallace W.Robbinsy, “The Theological Values of Life and Nonbeing,” Zygon  5 (1970): 339–52.
  32. . Ralph Wendell Burhoey, “Potentials for Religion from the Sciences,” yZygon 5 (1970): 110–29, “The Concepts of God and Soul in a Scientific View of Human Purpose,” ibid. 8 (1973): 412–42, “Human Prospect” (n. 24 above), esp. pp. 318–33, and other papers cited in the notes following his articles.
  33. . Godbeyy (n. 22 above), pp. 194–215.
  34. . Michael Novaky, yA Theology for Radical Politics (New York: Herder & Herder, 1969), esp. chap. 6. Victor Ferkiss seems to belong to this group. Even though he is a Christian, he advocates a culture “based on … naturalism, holism, and immanentism.” See his “Ecological Humanism and Planetary Society,” Humanist 34 (May‐June 1974): 24–27 (a chapter from his The Future of Technological Civilization[New York: George Braziller, 1974]). Howard P. Kainz, “Philosophy and Ecology,” New Scholasticism 47 (1973): 516–19.
  35. . Abraham H. Maslowy, yReligions, Values, and Peak‐Experiences (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1963), pp. xxi, 4, 18, 30–33, 59–67.
  36. . Claude Lévi‐Straussy, Tristes Tropiques, trans. John and Doreen Weightman (London: Jonathan Cape, 1973), pp. 397–98.
  37. . McGinny (n. 18 above), pp. 156–57.
  38. . Kainz holds that ecology is a third stage of human consciousness which restores the unity between man and nature, with man as conscious self effectively relating to nature.