Notes

  1. . National Academy of Sciences, “Technology: Process of Assessment and Choice” (Report to the Committee on Science and Astronautics, U.S. House of Representatives, July 1969); excerpts reprinted in J. G. Burke, ed., The New Technology and Human Values (Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth Publishing Co., 1972), pp. 255–66.
  2. . E.g., Jacques Ellul, The Technological Society (New York: Vintage Press, 1964); Lewis Mumford, The Myth of the Machine (New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1967); Herbert Marcuse, One‐Dimensional Man (Boston: Beacon Press, 1964); René Dubos, Reason Awake: Science for Man (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970); Theodore Roszak, Where the Wasteland Ends (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1973).
  3. . Donella H. Meadows et al., The Limits to Growth (New York: New American Library, 1972); M. Mesarovic and E. Pestel, Mankind at the Turning Point (New York: E. P. Dutton & Go., 1974); Robert L. Heilbroner, An Inquiry into the Human Prospect (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1974.
  4. . See, e.g., P. R. Ehrlich and A. H. Ehrlich, Population, Resources, Environment (San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co., 1970.
  5. . T. L. Thorson, The Logic of Democracy (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1962).
  6. . See also the discussion of Edgar S. Dunn, Jr., Social and Economic Development (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971).
  7. .Donald T. Campbell,“Ethnocentrism and Other Altruistic Motives,” in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, ed. M. R. Jones (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1965); idem., “On the Genetics of Altruism and the Counter‐hedonic Components in Human Culture,” Journal of Social Issues 28 (1972): 21–37.
  8. . An especially provocative elaboration of this point is provided by B. Gert, The Moral Rules (New York: Harper & Row, 1970).
  9. . Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents (New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1961).
  10. . This argument is derived from Donald T. Campbell's “Evolutionary Epistemology,” in The Philosophy of Karl Popper, The Library of Living Philosophers, ed. P. A. Schilpp (La Salle, III.: Open Court Publishing Co., 1974), 14: 413–63.
  11. . Similar cases are made, eg., by Dunn (n. 6 above) and C. H. Waddington, The Ethical Animal (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960).
  12. . See also R.White, “Motivation Reconsidered,” Psychological Review  66 (1959): 297–330.
  13. . Dunn (n. 6 above).
  14. . Numerous supporting examples regarding even seemingly biological behavior are provided by Clyde Kluckhohn, “Culture and Behavior,” in Handbook of Social Psychology, ed. G. Lindzey (Reading, Mass.: Addison‐Wesley Publishing Co., 1954), pp. 921–76.
  15. . See also the discussion by P. Berger and T. Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday & Co., 1967).
  16. . E. Becker, The Structure of Evil (New York: George Braziller, Inc., 1968), chap. 9, gives a much richer discussion of this aspect of human existence.
  17. . Thorson (n. 7 above) describes the important relationship between flexibility and democracy.
  18. . National Academy of Sciences (n. 1 above), p. 264.
  19. . A summary of the principles adopted by that group appears in D. Medford's Environmental Harassment or Technology Assessment (New York: Elsevier Publishing Co., 1973), pp. 338–52.
  20. . Also summarized in ibid., pp. 16–31.
  21. . The original bill is reproduced in ibid.pp. 58–91, “News and Comment,” Science  179 (1973): 875–77.
  22. . For one such diagnosis of the troubled modern spirit, see R. N. Goodwin, “Sources of the Public Unhappiness,” New Yorker (January 4, 1969), pp. 38–58.
  23. . H. Selye, The Stress of Life (New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Go., 1956).
  24. . See e.g., R. Ashmore and J. McConahay, Psychology and the Urban Dilemmas (New York McGraw‐Hill Book Co., 1973), chap. 2, and L. Phillips, Human Adaptation and Its Failures (New York: Academic Press, 1968), chaps. 12 and 13.
  25. . N.Tinbergen, “On War and Peace in Animals and Man,” Science  160 (1968): 1411–18.
  26. . Consider, e.g., the trends extrapolated by Daniel Bell, The Coming of Post‐Industrial Society (New York: Basic Books, 1973).
  27. . See, e.g., J. Gardner, Self‐Renewal (New York: Harper & Row, 1963).
  28. . Thorson (n. 5 above).
  29. . A. Etzioni, The Active Society (New York: Free Press, 1968).
  30. . See n. 27 above.
  31. . Donald T. Campbell, “Methods for the Experimenting Society” (paper delivered to the American Psychological Association, September 5, 1971).
  32. . René Dubos, So Human an Animal (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1968).
  33. . Bruno Bettelheim, “Individual and Mass Behavior in Extreme Situations,” Journa1 of Abnormal and Social Psychology 38 (1943): 417–52, and The Informed Heart (Glencoe, III.: Free Press, 1960).
  34. . See n. 2 above.
  35. . Dubos. So Human an Animal.