Notes

  1. . My discussion of Roger Bacon rests primarily on Julius R. Weinberg, A Short History of Medieval Philosophy (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1965), pp. 161–64, and the article on Bacon by Allan B. Wolter in The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Paul Edwards (New York: Macmillan, 1967), 1: 240.
  2. . R. S.Westfall, in “The Career of Isaac Newton,” The American Scholar  50 (1981): 353.
  3. . Isaac Newton, Opticks, query 31 (New York: Dover, 1952), pp. 401–4.
  4. . Robert Jastrow, God and the Astronomers (New York: W. W. Norton, 1978).
  5. . RalphBurhoe, “What Specifies the Values of the Man‐made Man?”Zygon  6 (1971): 231.
  6. . B. Spinoza (1632‐1677), who did identify God both with the physical universe and the realm of mind, was widely regarded as thereby supporting atheism.
  7. . See, e.g., Karl E.Peters, “The Image of God as a Model for Humanization,” Zygon  91974): 112.
  8. . Notably by Donald T. Campbell, “The Conflict Between Social and Biological Evolution and the Concept of Original Sin,” Zygon 10 (1975): 234‐49; and “On the Conflicts Between Biological and Social Evolution and Between Psychology and Moral Tradition,” Zygon 11 (1976): 167‐208, reprinted with minor revisions from American Psychologist 30 (1975): 1103–26.
  9. . See discussion by Richard' Schlegel, “Quantum Physics and Human Purpose,” Zygon 8 (1973): 200‐20; and “Quantum Physics and the Divine Postulate,” Zygon 14 (1979): 163‐85; idem, Superposition &' Interaction (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980), pp. 23–55, 161‐96, passim.
  10. . The physical aspects of the philosophy of A. N. Whitehead are strikingly in accord with the natural philosophy that is emerging in late twentieth‐century physics. See his Science and the Modern World (New York: New American Library, Mentor Books, 1948) and Process and Reality (New York: Harper & Row, Harper Torchbooks, 1967).
  11. . In his Mind and Nature (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1979), p. 174, Gregory Bateson writes: “Ross Ashby long ago pointed out that no system (neither computer nor organism) can produce anything new unless the system contains some source of the random.” Bateson cites W. Ross Ashby, Introduction to Cybernetics (New York and London: Wiley & Sons, 1956).
  12. . I have given a book‐length treatment in Richard Schlegel, Completeness in Science (New York: Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, 1967), and a briefer discussion in Richard Schlegel, Inquiry into Science (New York: Doubleday, 1972).
  13. . See Schlegel, Completeness, pp. 248–52, 262‐65.
  14. . S. L. Jaki, The Road of Science and the Ways of God (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1978); R. Schlegel, “The Return of Man in Quantum Physics,” in The Sciences and Theology in the 20th Century, ed. A. R. Peacocke (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1981).
  15. . Schlegel, Completeness, chap. 14.