Notes

  1. . Anthony Stevens, Archetypes: A Natural History of the Self (New York: Morrow, 1982), p. 24.
  2. . Robin Fox, Encounter with Anthropology (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973), p. 13.
  3. . E. R. Leach, “Ritualization in Man in Relation to Conceptual and Social Development,” in A Discussion on Ratualization of Behaviours in Animals and Man, ed. Julian Huxley, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B. vol. 251, Biological Sciences (London: Royal Society, 1966), p. 403.
  4. . Julian Huxley, “Introduction,” in A Discussion on Ritualization of Behaviours in Animals and Man, ed. Julian Huxley, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, series B, vol. 251, Biological Sciences (London, Royal Society, 1966), p. 250.
  5. . Ronald Grimes, Beginnings in Ritual Studies (Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1982), p. 34.
  6. . Meyer Fortes, “Religious Premisses and Logical Technique in Divinatory Ritual,” in A Discussion on Ritualization of Behaviours in Animals and Man, ed. Julian Huxley, Philosophical Transcations of the Royal Society of London, series B, vol. 251, Biological Sciences (London: Royal Society, 1966), p. 411.
  7. . Meyer Fortes, “Religious Premisses and Logical Technique in Divinatory Ritual,” in A Discussion on Ritualization of Behaviours in Animals and Man, ed. Julian Huxley, Philosophical Transcations of the Royal Society of London, series B, vol. 251, Biological Sciences (London: Royal Society, 1966), p. 413.
  8. . Leach, p. 405.
  9. . Grimes, p. 36.
  10. . Quoted in Melvin Konner, The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit (New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1982), p. 147.
  11. . Quoted in Melvin Konner, The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit (New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1982).
  12. . Quoted in Melvin Konner, The Tangled Wing: Biological Constraints on the Human Spirit (New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1982).
  13. . “Walle Nauta elaborated this outlook in The Problem of the Frontal Lobe: A Reinterpretation,” Journal of Psychiatric Research  8 (1971): 167– 87.
  14. . Konner, p. 147.
  15. . J. P. Henry and P. M. Stephens, Stress, Health, and the Social Environment (New York: Springer‐Verlag, 1977).
  16. . Paul D. MacLean, “Sensory and Perceptive Factors in Emotional Functions of the Triune Brain,” in Biological Foundations of Piychiatry, ed. R. G. Grenell and S. Gabay, 2 vols. (New York: Raven Press, 1976), 1:177– 98. See also idem, “A Triune Concept of the Brain and Behavior,” in The Hincks Memorial Lectures, ed. T. Boag and D. Campbell (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1973), pp. 6– 66; “On the Evolution of Three Mentalities,” Man‐Environment Systems 5 (1975): 213– 24, reprinted in New Dimensions in Psychiatry: A World Vim, ed. S. Ariete and G. Chrzanowski, 2 vols. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1977), 2305– 28: and “Evolution of the Psychencephalon,” Zygon 17 (June 1982): 187– 211. Cf. J. Brown, Mind, Brain, and Consciousness (New York: Academic Press, 1977).
  17. . Stevens (n. 1 above), pp. 264– 65.
  18. . Eugene G. d'Aquili et al., The Spectrum of Ritual: A Biogenetic Structural Analysis (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979).
  19. . Barbara Lex, “Neurobiology of Ritual Trance,” in The Spectrum of Ritual: A Biogenetic Structural Analysis, ed. Eugene G. d'Aquili et al. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979), p. 125.
  20. . Howard Gardner, The Shattered Mind (New York: Vintage, 1975), p. 386.
  21. . Eugene G. d'Aquili and Charles D. Laughlin, Jr., “The Neurobiology of Myth and Ritual,” in The Spectrum of Ritual: A Biogenetic Structural Analysis, ed. Eugene G. d'Aquili et al. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1979), p, 174.
  22. . W. R. Hess, On the Relationship Between Psychic and Vegetative Functions (Zurich: Schwabe, 1925).
  23. . E.Gellhorn and W.H.Kiely, “Mystical States of Consciousness: Neuro‐physiological and Clinical Aspects,” Journal of Mental and Nervous Diseases  154(1972):339– 405.
  24. . d'Aquili and Laughlin, p. 175.
  25. . See Arnold J. Mandell, “Toward a Psychobiology of Transcendence,” in The Psychobiology of Consciousness, ed. J. M. Davidson and J. R. Davidson (New York: Olenum, 1978), p, 80.
  26. . d'Aquili and Laughlin, p. 176.
  27. . d'Aquili and Laughlin, p. 170.
  28. . d'Aquili and Laughlin.
  29. . d'Aquili and Laughlin, p. 171.
  30. . C. Lévi‐Strauss, Structural Anthropology (New York: Anchor Books, 1963); idem, The Savage Mind (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963); idem, Mythologiyues: Le cm et le cud (Paris: Plon, 1964).
  31. . d'Aquili and Laughlin, p. 177.
  32. . Lex (n. 19 above), p. 146.
  33. . d'Aquili and Laughlin, p. 176.
  34. . d'Aquili and Laughlin, p. 177.
  35. . Mandell (n. 25 above), p. 1.
  36. . Roger Caillois, Man, Play, and Games (New York: Schocken Books, 1979), p. 13. don: Pergamon, 1977), p. 189.
  37. . Don Handelman, “Play and Ritual: Complementary Frames of Meta‐communication,” in It's A Funny Thing, Humour, ed. A. J. Chapman and H. Fort (London: Pergamon, 1977), p. 189.
  38. . Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi, Beyond Boredom and Anxiety (San Francisco: Jossey‐Bass, 1975).
  39. . Roger Abrahams, personal communication both in a letter and in an essay.
  40. . See Akira Kurasawa's film, Kagemusha.
  41. . Konner (n. 10 above), pp. 246–47.
  42. . James Olds, “Behavioral Studies of Hypothalamic Functions,” in Biological Foundations of Psychiatry, ed. R. Grenell and S. Gabay, vol. 1 (New York: Raven, 1976).
  43. . P. Flor –Henry,“Lateralized Temporal‐Limbic Dysfunction and Psychopathology”Annals of the New York Academy of Science 380 (1976 777–97; G.E. Schwartz, R. J. Davidson, and F. Maer,“Right Hemisphere Lateralization for Emotion in the Human Brain: Interaction with Cognition,”Science 1390 l (1975: 286–88.
  44. . Stevens (n. 1 above), pp. 265–66.
  45. . Stevens (n. 1 above), p. 296.
  46. . Experience begins in the womb, and child psychologists hold that communication between mother and child correlates with the development of neuronal pathways in the foetal brain. See for example Colwyn Trevarthen, “Cerebral Embryology and the Split Brain,” in Hemispheric Disconnection and Cerebral Function, ed. M. Kinsbourne and W. L. Smith (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1974), pp. 208–36.
  47. . Carl Jung, Collected Works, vol. 7, Two Essays on Analytical Psychology (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1972), para. 300.
  48. . Stevens (n. 1 above), p. 266.
  49. . Cited in Stevens (n. 1 above), p. 266.
  50. . Cited in Stevens (n. 1 above).
  51. . Henry and Stephens (n. 15 above).
  52. . Michel Jouvet,“The Function of Dreaming: A Neurophysiologist's Point of View,” in Handbook of Psychology, ed. M. S. Gazzaniga and C. Blakemore (New York: Academic Press, 1975).
  53. . Victor Turner, The Forest of Symbols (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1967); idem, The Drum of Affliction (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968).
  54. . Turner, Drum of Affliction, pp. 198– 268.
  55. . A point well made by Steven Rose, The Conscious Brain (New York: Vintage Books, 1976), p. 351.