Abstract. Violence is in its broadest sense the deliberate creation of “bads” or negative goods as opposed to production, which is the deliberate creation of good. Its two major sources are malevolence and threat. Malevolence is the situation where A's perception that B is worse off increases A's welfare or utility. Threat systems are probably the largest source of violence. Four responses to threat are: compliance or submission: defiance: flight; and counter‐threat, which is stable in the short run, but must eventually break down and is the major source of violence in the modern world.
Boulding, K., (1983) “PERSPECTIVES ON VIOLENCE”, Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 18(4), 425–437. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1983.tb00526.x
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| Pages | 425–437 |
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| Published | 1983-12-02 |
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