Abstract. This paper sees intelligence as certainly not a thing which is the sole prerogative of man but rather as a category of skill, natural to all organisms, integral with their capacity for handling their environment, and increasingly well developed in the higher animals. Intelligence is seen as a natural property of living organisms at their highest levels: a characteristic of living things which is emergent in the same way as, and essentially in parallel with, perception, consciousness, and moral and spiritual sensitivities.
Robertson, J., (1985) “THE PHENOMENON OF INTELLIGENCE AS SEEN BY A LAY‐SCIENTIST”, Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science 20(4), 413–424. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.1985.tb00607.x
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