References

Achterberg, Jeanne. 1985. Imagery in Healing: Shamanism and Modern Medicine. Boston: Shambhala, New Science Library.

Albright, Carol Rausch. 2000. “The ‘God Module’ and the Complexifying Brain.”Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science  35 (December): 735–44.

Ashbrook, James. 1993. “The Human Brain and Human Destiny: A Pattern for Old Brain Empathy with the Emergence of Mind.”  In Brain, Culture and the Human Spirit: Essays from an Emergent Evolutionary Perspective, ed. JamesAshbrook, 183–210. Lanham, Md.: Univ. Press of America.

Ashbrook, James B., and Carol RauschAlbright. 1997. The Humanizing Brain: Where Religion and Neuroscience Meet. Cleveland: Pilgrim.

Baars, Bernard. 1997. In the Theater of Consciousness. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Bird‐David, N.1999. “‘Animism’ Revisited: Personhood, Environment, and Relational Epistemology.”Current Anthropology  40: 67–91.

Bourguignon, Erika. 1976. Possession. San Francisco: Chandler and Sharpe.

Boyer, Pascal. 1992. The Naturalness of Religious Ideas. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Brereton, Derek. 2000. “Dreaming, Adaptation, and Consciousness: The Social Mapping Hypothesis.”Ethos  28(3):379–409.

Brown, Steven. 2000. “The ‘Musilanguage Model of Music.”  In The Origins of Music, ed. N.Wallin, B.Merker, and S.Brown, 271–300. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Chippindale, C., B.Smith, and P.Tacon. 2000. “Visions of Dynamic Power: Archaic Rock‐Paintings, Altered States of Consciousness and ‘Clever Men’ in Western Arnhem Land (NT) Australia.”Cambridge Archaeological Journal  10: 63–101.

Clottes, Jean, and DavidLewis‐Williams. 1998. The Shamans of Prehistory: Trance and Magic in the Painted Caves. New York: Harry Abrams.

D'Aquili, Eugene, and AndrewNewberg. 1999. The Mystical Mind. Minneapolis: Fortress.

D'Aquili, Eugene, CharlesLaughlin, and JohnMcManus, eds. 1979. The Spectrum of Ritual. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

Donald, Merlin. 1991. Origins of the Modern Mind. Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press.

Dow, James W.1986. “Universal Aspects of Symbolic Healing: A Theoretical Synthesis.”American Anthropologist  88: 56–69.

Eliade, Mircea. 1964. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. New York: Pantheon.

Fabrega, Horacio. 1997. Evolution of Sickness and Healing. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press.

Frank, Jerome. 1991. Persuasion and Healing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.

Frazer, James. 1929. The Golden Bough. New York: Book League of America.

Frecska, Ede, and ZsuanneKulcsar. 1989. “Social Bonding in the Modulation of the Physiology of Ritual Trance.”Ethos  17 (1):70–87.

Freeman, W.2000. “A Neurobiological Role of Music in Social Bonding.”  In The Origins of Music, ed. N.Wallin, B.Merker, and S.Brown, 411–24. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Friedrich, Paul. 1991. “Polytrophy.”  In Beyond Metaphor: The Theory of Tropes in Anthropology, ed. J. W.Fernandez, 17–55. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press.

Gardener, Howard. 1983. Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. New York: Basic Books.

Geissmann, T.2000. “Gibbon Songs and Human Music from an Evolutionary Perspective.”  In The Origins of Music, ed. N.Wallin, B.Merker, and S.Brown, 103–23. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Guthrie, Stewart. 1993. Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

Harner, Michael. 1982. The Way of the Shaman. New York: Bantam.

Hunt, Harry. 1995a. “The Linguistic Network of Signifiers and Imaginal Polysemy: An Essay in the Co‐dependent Origination of Symbolic Forms.”The Journal of Mind and Behavior  16(4):405–20.

——. 1995b. On the Nature of Consciousness. New Haven and London: Yale Univ. Press.

Ingerman, Sandra. 1991. Soul Retrieval. San Francisco: HarperCollins.

Jakobsen, Merete. 1999. Shamanism: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches to the Mastery of Spirits and Healing. New York: Berghahn Books.

Kirkpatrick, Lee. 1997. “An Attachment‐Theory Approach to Psychology of Religion.”  In The Psychology of Religion: Theoretical Approaches, ed. BernardSpilka and DanielMcIntosh, 114–33. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.

Laughlin, Charles. 1997. “Body, Brain, and Behavior: The Neuroanthropology of the Body Image.”Anthropology of Consciousness  8(2–3):49–68.

Laughlin, Charles, JohnMcManus, and EugeneD'Aquili. [1990] 1992. Brain, Symbol and Experience: Toward a Neurophenomenology of Consciousness. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.

Levi‐Strauss, Claude. 1962. Totemism. Boston: Beacon.

Lewis‐Williams, David. 1991. “Wrestling with Analogy: A Methodological Dilemma in Upper Paleolithic Art Research.” In Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society  57(1):149–62.

——. 1997a. “Agency, Art and Altered Consciousness: A Motif in French (Quercy) Upper Palaeolithic Parietal Art.”Antiquity  71: 810–30.

——. 1997b. “Harnessing the Brain: Visions and Shamanism in Upper Paleolithic Western Europe.” In Beyond Art: Pleistocene Image and Symbol  , ed. M.Conkey, O.Soffer, D.Stratmann, and N.Jablonski. Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences23: 321–42.

Mandell, Arnold. 1980. “Toward a Psychobiology of Transcendence: God in the Brain.”  In The Psychobiology of Consciousness, ed. D.Davidson and R.Davidson, 379–464. New York: Plenum.

McClenon, James. 2002. Wondrous Healing: Shamanism, Human Evolution and the Origin of Religion. DeKalb: Northern Illinois Univ. Press.

MacLean, Paul. 1990. The Triune Brain in Evolution. New York: Plenum.

——. 1993. “On the Evolution of Three Mentalities.”  In Brain, Culture and the Human Spirit: Essays from an Emergent Evolutionary Perspective, ed. J.Ashbrook, 15–44. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America.

Mead, George Herbert. 1934. Mind, Self, and Society. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press.

Merker, Bjorn. 2000. “Synchronous Chorusing and Human Origins.”  In The Origins of Music, ed. N.Wallin, B.Merker, and S.Brown, 315–27. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Mithen, Steven. 1996. The Prehistory of the Mind: A Search for the Origins of Art, Religion and Science. London: Thames and Hudson.

Molino, J.2000. “Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Music.”  In The Origins of Music, ed. N.Wallin, B.Merker, and S.Brown, 165–76. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Newton, Nakita. 1996. Foundations of Understanding. Philadelphia: John Benjamin's.

Noll, Richard. 1985. “Mental Imagery Cultivation as a Cultural Phenomenon: The Role of Visions in Shamanism.”Current Anthropology  26: 443–51.

Oubré, Alondra. 1997. Instinct and Revelation: Reflections on the Origins of Numinous Perception. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach.

Pandian, Jacob. 1997. “The Sacred Integration of the Cultural Self: An Anthropological Approach to the Study of Religion.”  In Anthropology of Religion, ed. S.Glazier. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.

Peters, Karl E.2001. “Neurotheology and Evolutionary Theology: Reflections on The Mystical Mind.”Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science  36 (September):493–99.

Prince, Raymond. 1982. “The Endorphins: A Review for Psychological Anthropologists.”Ethos  10 (4):299–302.

Ramachandran, V. S., and SandraBlakeslee. 1998. Phantoms in the Brain. New York: William Morrow.

Ratha, S., and D.Behera. 1990. “Rethinking Totemism: Man‐Nature Relationship in Maintaining the Ecological Balance.”Man in India  70: 245–52.

Rayburn, C., and L.Richmond. 2002. Special Issue: “Theobiology: Interfacing Theology, Biology and the Other Sciences for Deeper Understanding.”American Behavioral Scientist  45 (12).

Rottschaefer, William. 1991. “Philosophical and Religious Implications of Cognitive Social Learning Theories of Personality.”Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science  26 (March):137–48.

——. 1999. “The Image of God of Neurotheology: Reflections of Culturally Based Religious Commitments or Evolutionarily Based Neuroscientific Theories?”Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science  34 (March):57–65.

Ryan, Robert. 1999. The Strong Eye of Shamanism: A Journey into the Caves of Consciousness. Rochester, N.Y.: Inner Traditions.

Shore, Brad. 1996. Culture in Mind Cognition, Culture and the Problem of Meaning. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Siikala, Anna. 1978. “The Rite Technique of Siberian Shaman.”  Folklore Fellows Communication No. 220. Helsinki: Soumalainen Tiedeskaremia Academia.

Spilka, Bernard, PhillipShaver, and LeeKirkpatrick. 1997. “A General Attribution Theory for the Psychology of Religion.”  In The Psychology of Religion: Theoretical Approaches, ed. B.Spilka and D.McIntosh, 153–70. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.

Stark, Rodney. 1997. “A Taxonomy of Religious Experience.”  In The Psychology of Religion: Theoretical Approaches, ed. B.Spilka and D.McIntosh, 209–21. Boulder, Colo.: Westview.

Swanson, Guy. 1973. “The Search for a Guardian Spirit: A Process of Empowerment in Simpler Societies.”Ethnology  12: 359–78.

Teske, John. 2001. “Neuroscience and Spirit: The Genesis of Mind and Spirit.”Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science  36 (March):93–104.

Townsend, Joan. 1997. “Shamanism.”  In Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook of Method and Theory, ed. S.Glazier, 429–69. Westport: Greenwood.

Tylor, Edward. [1871] 1924. Primitive Culture. New York: Brentano.

Valle, J., and RaymondPrince. 1989. “Religious Experiences as Self‐Healing Mechanisms.”  In Altered States of Consciousness and Mental Health: A Cross Cultural Perspective, ed. C.Ward, 149–66. Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage.

Wallin, Nils, BjornMerker, and StevenBrown, eds. 2000. The Origins of Music. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Walsh, Roger. 1990. The Spirit of Shamanism. Los Angeles: Tarcher.

Walton, Kenneth, and DebraLevitsky. 1994. “A Neuroendocrine Mechanism for the Reduction of Drug Use and Addictions by Transcendental Meditation.”  In Self‐Recovery: Treating Addictions Using Transcendental Meditation and Maharishi Ayur‐Veda, ed. D.O'Connell and C.Alexander, 89–117. New York: Hayworth.

Whitley, David. 1992. “Shamanism and Rock Art in Far Western North America.”Cambridge Archaeological Journal  2: 89–113.

——. 1994a. “Shamanism, Natural Modeling and the Rock Art of Far Western North American Hunter‐Gatherers.”  In Shamanism and Rock Art in North America, ed. S.Turpin, 1–44. San Antonio: Rock Art Foundation.

——. 1994b. “Ethnography and Rock Art in the Far West: Some Archaeological Implications.”  In New Light on Old Art, ed. D.Whitley and L.Loendorf, 81–93. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California.

——. 1998. “Cognitive Neuroscience, Shamanism, and the Rock Art of Native California.”Anthropology of Consciousness  9: 22–37.

Winkelman, Michael. 1985. A Cross‐cultural Study of Magico‐religious Practitioners. Ph.D. diss., School of Social Sciences, University of California, Irvine. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms.

——. 1986a. “Magico‐religious Practitioner Types and Socioeconomic Conditions.”1985 C. S. Ford Cross‐cultural Research Award. Behavior Science Research  20 (1–4):17–46.

——. 1986b. “Trance States: A Theoretical Model and Cross‐cultural Analysis. Ethos  14 (2):174–203.

——. 1990a. “Shaman and Other ‘Magico‐religious’ Healers: A Cross‐cultural Study of Their Origins, Nature and Social Transformations.”Ethos  18 (3):308–52.

——. 1990b. “The Evolution of Consciousness: An Essay Review of Up From Eden.”Anthropology of Consciousness  1: 24–31.

——. 1992. “Shamans, Priests and Witches. A Cross‐Cultural Biosocial Study of Magico‐religious Practitioners.”  Anthropological Research Papers No. 44. Tempe: Arizona State University.

——. 1993. “The Evolution of Consciousness: Transpersonal Theories in Light of Cultural Relativism.”Anthropology of Consciousness  4 (3):3–9.

——. 1997. “Altered States of Consciousness and Religious Behavior.”  In Anthropology of Religion: A Handbook of Method and Theory, ed. S.Glazier, 393–428. Westport: Greenwood.

——. 1999. Altered States of Consciousness.”  In Encyclopedia of Human Emotions, ed. D.Levinson, J.Ponzetti, and P.Jorgensen, 32–38. New York: Macmillan.

——. 2000. Shamanism: The Neural Ecology of Consciousness and Healing. Westport, Conn.: Bergin and Garvey.

——. 2001a. “Psychointegrators: Multidisciplinary Perspectives on the Therapeutic Effects of Hallucinogens.”Complementary Health Practice Review  6 (3):219–37.

——. 2001b. “Alternative and Complementary Medicine Approaches to Substance Abuse: A Shamanic Perspective.”International Journal of Drug Policy  12: 337–51.

——. 2002. “Shamanism and Cognitive Evolution.”Cambridge Archaeological Journal  12: 71–101.

Winkelman, Michael, and CindyWinkelman. 1991. “Shamanistic Healers and Their Therapies.”  In Yearbook of Cross‐Cultural Medicine and Psychotherapy 1990, ed. WalterAndritzky, 163–82. Berlin: Verlag und Vertrieb.

Winkelman, M., and D.White. 1987. “A Cross‐Cultural Study of Magico‐Religious Practitioners and Trance States: Data Base.”Human Relations Area Files Research Series in Quantitative Cross-cultural Data  , Vol. 3, ed. DavidLevinson and RoyWagner. New Haven: HRAF Press.

Winson, Jonathan. 1985. Brain and Psyche: The Biology of the Unconscious. Garden City: Anchor Press, Doubleday.

——. 1990. “The Meaning of Dreams.”  Scientific American (Nov.), 86–96.